词汇精选：rough的用法和辨析
一、详细释义：
adj.
粗糙的；未经加工的
例句：
He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard.
他拿来一些钉子和木头，制作了一只粗糙的碗橱。
例句：
His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice.
由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。
粗野的，粗鲁的；狂暴的，汹涌的
例句：
Some girls disapprove of rough games.
有些女孩子不喜欢粗野的游戏。
例句：
They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.
他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。
粗略的
例句：
We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required.
我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。
例句：
As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.
作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。
艰苦的
例句：
We treckked through the jungle and had to live rough for ten days before we returned to camp.
我们在丛林中艰苦跋涉，在回到营地前的10天里，得在极不舒服的困难条件下生活。
例句：
Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.
他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。
adv.
粗暴地
例句：
Do not treat a naughty child rough.
不要粗暴地对待顽皮的孩子。
艰苦地
例句：
Even when he's about to fly off with his family to live rough in the Masai Mara for a week, for Laurence, it's all about focus.
即使是在他要跟家人一起飞赴马赛玛拉过上一周的艰苦生活时，对于劳伦斯来说，这一切都与专注有关。
例句：
The children here enjoy camping and living rough but I'm getting a little too old for such a hard life.
这儿的孩子们以野营和艰苦的生活为乐，不过，我年岁已高，过不了这种艰苦的生活了。
n.
高低不平的地面
例句：
The car bumped along the rough.
汽车在高低不平的路上颠簸而行。
例句：
Grace made her way slowly across the rough.
格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。
艰苦，艰难，苦难
例句：
T-Mac has had a rough go of it the last couple years because of injuries and was definitely one of the league’s premier players when healthy.
在过去的2年中，曾经联盟最好球员之一的T-MAC因为伤病过得相当的艰苦。
未经加工的材料；粗糙的部分
例句：
In fact, you’re like a diamond in the rough.
事实上，你像一颗未经加工的宝石。
v.
使粗糙 [T]
例句：
This kind of cloth is easily roughed.
这种布容易起毛。
例句：
Satin is very easily roughed.
缎子是很容易起毛的。
粗暴对待；举止粗野 [I,T]
例句：
David Welsh was roughed up and maced after his arrest.
戴维·威尔士被捕之后，既遭到拷打，又被施以梅斯毒气。
例句：
He was roughed up and his glasses knocked off.
他受到粗暴的待遇，眼镜也给打掉了。
草拟 [T]
例句：
The sculptor roughed out the form his statue should take.
雕刻师制出了雕像的毛坯。
例句：
He roughed out some ideas for the new buildings.
他为新建筑物提出了一些初步设想。
二、词义辨析：
hoarse,harsh,rough
这些形容词均有“嘶哑的，沙哑的”之意。hoarse指嘶哑刺耳的声音，通常因高声喊叫后嗓子失音所致。harsh一般多指刺耳难听的声音。rough指粗哑难听的声音。
三、词义辨析：
rude,coarse,harsh,rough
这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：rough 强调言行是粗鲁的。rude 强调其源于教育差、文化低。coarse 则强调由于粗鲁而引起的厌恶心理。harsh 侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、不和谐的感觉。
四、相关短语：
rough in
草拟,画出…的草图
rough out
草拟,粗制,画…的草图
rough up
粗暴对待,殴打,攻击,伤害
rough drawing
草图略图
rough fish
杂鱼
一、参考例句：
Her skin felt rough.
她的皮肤摸上去粗糙。
Does the orange feel rough?
橘子摸起来粗糙吗？
The rough road made the car vibrate.
崎岖不平的道路使车颠簸得很厉害。
The ship wallowed in the rough sea.
船在汹涌的海上颠簸。
Many people consider boxing a rough sport.
许多人认为拳击是一项粗野的运动。
Some girls disapprove of rough games.
有些女孩子不喜欢粗野的游戏。
The rough waves rolled the ship along.
汹涌的波涛使船左右摇晃着。
The rough sketch has been blocked in.
略图已拟就。
The ship labored through the rough seas.
船在波涛汹涌的海上费力前行。
Her hands were rough from hard work.
