关于金融制度情景对话
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关于金融制度情景对话一：日本金融制度
Bob Dillon ,a banker from the United States ,is talking with a Japanese banker about the financial and monetary system in Japan .
来自美国的银行家鲍勃·狄龙正与一位日本银行家谈论日本的金融和货币制度。
Dillon:Note issue in Japan is controlled by the Bank of Japan ,isn't it ?
狄龙：日本的纸币发行是由日本银行控制吗?
Banker:Yes,the Bank of Japan has statutory authority to issue yen currency and coinage which is the sole legal tender in Japan.
银行家：是的，在发行日元和硬币方面，日本银行拥有法定性的权威，它所发行的日元和硬币是日本唯一的法币。
D;I have heard a lot about redenomination in Japan you expect that to take place soon ?
狄龙：我听到了许多有关日本打算重新规定日元单位面额的消息，您预料这件事会很快着手进行吗?
B;That's a very good question,on ,and I wish I could answer it .
银行家：这是个很好的问题：狄龙先生，我真希望能回答这个问题。
The Bank of Japan has had that issue under discussion for a long time ,but it hasn't been resolved yet .
实际上，日本银行就这个问题已讨论很久，但仍未做出决定。
D:When was the bank founded ?
狄龙：该银行是什么时候建立的?
B:It was established in 1882 and patterned on the National Bank of Belgium .
银行家：它是1822年按照比利时国民银行的模式建立的，
Its note-issuing provisions were modeled on those of the German Central Bank .
它的货币发行章程是仿照德国中央银行制定的。
D:Is it a government agency ?
狄龙：它是一个政府机构吗?
B:Yes,since 1942 it has been an agency of the government in actual practice .
银行家：是的，从1942年起，日本银行在实际业务方面已成为政府的机构，
While it was originally founded by private stockholders ,the finance minister has had direct authority over its management since its charter was modified in 1942.
虽然它原本是由私人股东创办起来的。但是，自从1942年它的章程修订以后，财政部长对于这个银行管理有着直接的权威。
D:It's very much like the Bank of England ,then also started as a private institution .
狄龙：这一点很象当时的英格兰银行，那个银行开始时也是一个私人机构。
B:In the respect it is similar the Bank of Japan has a much broader charter to undertake all kinds of financial activities ,
银行家：在这方面是相似的。但是日本银行拥有更加广泛的职权从事各种财政金融活动，
as directed by the Cabinet .
这是在内阁直接指挥下进行的。
关于金融制度情景对话二：英国金融制度
Tatsuo Horita ,a banker from Japan ,is visiting with an officer of the Bank of England .
来自日本的银行家堀田达夫正在与英格兰银行的一位高级职员闲谈，
They are talking about the British monetary and financial system .
他们正谈论着英国的货币和金融制度。
Horita:I understand that Bank of England notes have been legal tender in Britain since the early part of the 19th century .
堀 田：据我所知，从19世纪初叶，英格兰银行发行的纸币就已经成为英国的法币了。
Officer:Yes,actually from 1883,long before the Bank of England was the official central bank for Britain.
职 员：是的，实际上从1833年开始，英格兰银行早已成为英国的官方中央银行了，
And special restrictions put on note issurance by other banks in 1844 caused most banks to discontinue issuing notes.
而且在1844年，还对其他银行的货币发行实行期一些特别的限制，这就使得大多数的银行不再继续发行纸币。
H:Weren't Bank of England notes backed by specie?
堀 田：英格兰银行发行的纸币不是以金银铸币作为依据吗?
O:Specie or government bonds until e then ,of course,the Bank of England like other central banks has not held specie reserves equal to our note issue.
职 员：直到1931年，还是以铸币或政府的债券为依据的。当然，从那以后，象其它的中央银行一样，英格兰银行并不持有与我们发行的纸币等量的金银铸币储备。
H:When did the Bank of England become the official central bank of the United Kingdom?
堀 田：英格兰银行什么时候成为联合王国的官方中央银行的呢?
O:That's difficult to say ally ,the bank was nationalized by the government in 1946.
职员：这很难说，实际上，在1946年政府已将其收归国有。
Before that ,however ,the bank had been the central banking instituion for over a century .
然而，在这之前，英格兰银行就已经成为中央银行有100多年了。
While we were privately owned ,successive governments felt that we operated in the public interest and gradually enacted laws,
当时，虽然我们是私立银行，但历届政府都认为我们的业务经营活动有利于公众利益，并逐步地有所立法，
which gave us various supervisory functions over other banks .
这一切赋予了我们对其他银行的各种监督职能。
H:So the bank now makes fiscal and monetary policies for the country ?
堀田：因此，目前该银行就是为国家制定财政和金融政策的。
O:In coperation with the Cabinet we do functions are not as independent as those of the Federal Reserve in the United States.
职员：我们在与内阁合作中行使我们的职能，但我们的职能不象美国联邦储备那样具有独立性。
