10个从事猎首的邪恶部落(上)
Head-hunting is known as the practice of taking or preserving the head of a person after killing that person for a ritual and cereMonial purpose. Head-hunting was conducted to prove one’s manhood, take a rival’s power, make the person a slave in the afterlife, or collect the head as a souvenir or trophy. These are the 10 most vicious groups and tribes that participated in head-hunting.
猎首是一种将人杀死后，砍下或保存头颅的仪式性习俗，它被用来证明男子成年，削弱对手，使人在来世变成奴隶，或者把头作为纪念品或战利品收藏。下面就是10个最邪恶的猎首人群和部落。10 Maori
10 毛利人
These Polynesian settlers had created their own language and culture that became known as Maori after arriving in New Zealand. The Maori formed tribal groups that were based on Polynesian customs, and within these tribes, a strong warrior culture emerged.
这些波利尼西亚开拓者创造了自己的语言和文化，并成为了新西兰的毛利人。毛利人形成了基于波利尼西亚风俗的部落，这些部落中产生了强大的战士文化。
This led to head-hunting during raids and wars. After killing their enemies, these savage Maori would carefully preserve the heads by removing the skulls and then smoking the heads. Afterward, their victims’ tattoos and facial features would still be recognizable and these “pickled heads” became trophies.
这种文化导致了袭击和战争期间的猎首。杀死敌人后，这些野蛮的毛利人会去除头骨，然后通过烟熏小心地保存首级。此后，受害者的纹身和面部特征仍然可以识别，于是这些“腌渍头”就成了战利品。The Maori were one of the most known groups to participate in both the head-hunting and cannibalism of their conquered enemies.
毛利人是进行猎首和吃掉战俘，最为人所知的人群之一。9 The Sumba People
9 松巴人
The Sumba people inhabited a very small island in Sumba, Indonesia. East Sumba and West Sumba both participated in the practice of head-hunting for very different reasons. Eastern residents practiced head-hunting largely to show territorial conquest, while the Western people used it as an act of vengeance between equals.
松巴人生活在印尼一个叫松巴的非常小的岛上。东西松巴为了不同目的都曾进行猎首。东部岛民主要是为了显示领地的征服，西部岛民则将其视为平等的复仇行为。Still, they had similarities, such as keeping and preserving the skulls that they had collected. The East would hang the heads from trees during times of hostility. But during times of peace in their territory, they would bury the heads.
不过他们也有相似之处，比如保存收集的头颅。东部岛民会在敌对时期把它们挂在树上，但在领地上的和平时期，他们会把头颅埋掉。The West would sometimes return only the head to the family of the person beheaded. They would keep the hair to be used for something “magical,” such as certain concoctions.
西部岛民有时只把头颅还给被斩首者的家属，而头发会被用于“神奇”的东西，比如某些混合物。8 The Scythians
8 西古提人
The Scythians were originally Iranian Eurasian nomads who migrated from Central Asia toward southern Russia and Ukraine and founded a rich, powerful empire that is now known as Crimea. The Scythians of Europe were known as excellent horsemen and Aryan headhunters so savage that Herodotus wrote about their tribes. There were even Persian rulers who spent much of their careers trying to exterminate the Scythians. They fought to live and lived to fight.
西古提人起源于伊朗的欧亚游牧民族，他们从中亚迁移到俄罗斯南部和乌克兰，建立了一个现在被称为克里米亚的富有而强大的帝国。欧洲的西古提人是优秀的骑兵，也是野蛮的雅利安猎首者，古希腊历史学家希罗多德都写过他们的部落。甚至有些波斯统治者在掌权期间，花了很多精力试图消灭他们。 他们为活而战，为战而活。They would fight from horseback with bows and arrows to kill their prey, and they were excellent marksmen. After the kill, the Scythians were famous for cutting the throats of their enemies, regardless of their age or gender, and sawing open their skulls to use them as drinking cups.
他们在马背上战斗，用弓箭杀死猎物，都是优秀的射手。杀戮之后，西古提人的著名行径是割断敌人的喉咙，无论年龄和性别，然后锯开头骨当水杯。7 The Wa Tribe
7 佤族
The Wa tribe inhabited the upland area of eastern Myanmar (Burma) and the southwestern Yunnan Province of China. The beliefs of the religious Wa people centered on blood sacrifices. They would kill chickens, pigs, buffalo, and other animals, which were sometimes used as sacrifices for weddings, funerals, and other social gatherings.
佤族生活在缅甸东部的高原和中国云南的西南部。虔诚佤族人的信仰中心是血祭。他们会杀死鸡、猪、水牛和其他动物，用作婚葬等社交集会的牺牲。The Wa people living in the remote upland area of the China-Myanmar border were also known for their violence toward people. Some of the Wa tribe were known as the “wild” Wa because they practiced head-hunting. They had a definitive season for head-hunting enemies, which was when the tribe needed more fertilizer to help grow their crops.
居住在中缅边界偏远高原地区的佤族人对民众的暴力也很出名。有的佤族部落被说成“野蛮”，因为他们实施猎首。他们有个明确的杀敌猎手季，就是他们的庄稼地需要更多肥料的时候。6 Montenegrins
6 黑山人
The Montenegrins were avid headhunters and even practiced it as late as 1912. After taking the complete head of their enemy, they would carry it by a lock of hair worn by the decapitator to transfer the soul of the victim to him. The Montenegrins could be found in Europe, and they primarily targeted the Ottoman Turks when head-hunting. The Ottoman Turks were also headhunters but less vicious when attacking.
黑山人是狂热的猎首者，甚至到了1912年还在做这事。取下敌人的完整首级后，他们会把一缕头发给刽子手，于是死者的灵魂就传给了刽子手。黑山人在欧洲出没过，猎首时的主要目标是奥斯曼土耳其人。奥斯曼土耳其人也是猎首者，但攻击时没那么恶毒。In Montenegro, head-hunting was an adjunct in warfare and played only a minor role in raiding, especially when the people lived close enough for feuds. Since the Montenegrins weren’t looking for a war or much trouble from their nearby neighbors, their large-scale raids and beheadings were only committed on people who lived a considerable distance away.
在黑山，猎首是战争的辅助手段，在袭击中只起了次要作用，尤其是人们住得近，经常发生摩擦是。黑山不想和邻居大动干戈，所以他们的大规模袭击和斩首只用在住得远的人那。
