拉加德呼吁以强力措施终结低增长
The International Monetary fund has given the heads of the world’s leading economies a blunt post-summer welcome back to work, warning that the global economy is in need of forceful action to get out of a low-growth rut that is feeding popular anxieties about globalisation.
国际货币基金组织(IMF)直言欢迎度完夏季假日的世界主要经济体首脑回来工作，并警告称，他们需要对世界经济采取强力措施，才能摆脱低增长局面。低增长加剧了人们对于全球化的普遍担忧。
A briefing paper released on Thursday, prepared for G20 leaders gathering in China this weekend by the IMF, pointed to softening global growth and international trade, a weaker than expected US economy, shakier growth in emerging economies and the UK heading for a sharp slowdown after June’s Brexit referendum.
周四发布的一份简报文件——这是IMF为本周末将在中国召开的20国集团(G20)会议准备的——提到了全球增长和国际贸易放缓、美国经济弱于预期、新兴经济体增长更加不稳固，以及英国在6月退欧公投之后的大幅放缓。
The note to G20 leaders points to what appears likely to be a downgrade in the IMF’s current forecast of 3.1 per cent global growth when it releases its new predictions in October.
这份将提交给G20领导人的文件提到，当IMF在10月发布新的全球增长报告时，似乎可能把当前3.1%的全球增长率预测向下调整。
It also called for G20 governments to do more to make the positive case for globalisation and fight an increase in protectionism which is contributing to historically low growth in international trade.
该文件还呼吁G20政府采取更多措施，找到支持全球化的理由，化解保护主义加剧的局面。保护主义加剧是国际贸易增长落到历史性低位的原因之一。
The political pendulum threatens to swing against economic openness, and without forceful policy actions, the world could suffer from disappointing growth for a long time, Christine Lagarde, the IMF’s managing director, said in an accompanying blog post.
政治钟摆可能会朝着反对经济开放、不采取强力政策行动的方向摆动，IMF总裁克里斯蒂娜•拉加德(Christine Lagarde)在随后发表的博客文章中表示。
The IMF paper said the slow recovery had been made worse by the fact that what growth there had been bypassed many low-income earners and raised anxiety about globalisation and worsened the political climate for reform.
IMF文件表示，令低增长雪上加霜的是如下事实：增长一直绕过了许多低收入者并且增加了人们对于全球化的担忧、恶化了改革的政治气候。
To escape sluggish growth and boost countries’ economies, the fund has been urging policymakers to more aggressively employ the three prongs of monetary policy, structural reform and fiscal measures.
为了结束低迷的增长并提振各国经济，IMF一直在敦促政策制定者更积极地用好三驾马车——货币政策、结构性改革和财政措施。
But on Thursday the IMF said a 2014 pledge by G20 leaders to boost their collective GDP by 2 per cent by 2018 was falling short and would not happen without quick implementation of all announced measures and significant additional efforts to boost productivity, especially in advanced economies.
IMF在周四表示，2014年G20领导人做出的到2018年将其GDP总量提高2%的承诺正在落空，如果不迅速执行所有已宣布措施、并采取额外的重大努力以提升生产率（尤其是在发达经济体），那么这个目标将不会实现。
While the fund expected emerging G20 economies as a group to return to their 1990-2007 average growth of about 5.5 per cent, the medium-term expected average for advanced G20 economies was a full percentage point lower than the historical 2.5 per cent.
IMF预计，G20新兴经济体作为一个整体，其增长率会恢复至1990至2007年间大约5.5%的水平，而G20发达经济体的中期增长率预期平均值较历史上的2.5%低整整一个百分点。
The decline in growth in advanced economies has been due in part to well-known factors such as changing demographics and reduced productivity, which began before the 2008 crisis.
发达经济体的增长下滑，部分原因在于一些人所共知的因素，比如开始于2008年危机之前的人口结构变化和生产率降低。
But another factor, the IMF said, was a drop in investment that, if it continued, would result in a feedback loop that would hit growth and international trade and lead to even lower investment and a perpetuation of the cycle.
但IMF表示，另一个因素在于投资减少，如果此局面延续下去，就将造成一种反馈循环——该循环会冲击增长和国际贸易，并会导致投资进一步减少和周期的固化。
In that context, the global economy was also still facing significant downside risks, the IMF said.
IMF表示，在那种情况下，全球经济还仍然面临着重大的下行风险。
Among those risks was the potential for a return of financial market volatility associated with Brexit negotiations and turbulent patches in China’s transition to a more service-driven economy.
在这些风险当中，包括一种可能性：即英国退欧谈判再度引发金融市场波动，以及中国在转向更多由服务驱动增长的模式过程中发生动荡。
The global economy, the IMF said, was also facing non-economic risks ranging from the potential for rising geopolitical tensions to the crisis posed by refugees exiting the Middle East.
IMF表示，全球经济也面临着一些经济以外的风险——从地缘政治紧张局势可能加剧，到难民逃离中东引发危机。
