欧洲难民危机升级 德国实施边境控制

Germany has attempted to stem the swelling tide of migrants to the country by introducing emergency border controls in a dramatic move that highlights the extraordinary pressures the refugee crisis is placing on Europe’s cherished system of free movement.

德国正试图实施紧急边境控制，以遏制不断涌来的难民潮。这一戏剧性举措凸显出此次难民危机给欧洲珍视的自由迁徙体制带来不寻常的压力。

Thomas de Mazière, Germany’s interior minister, did not specify how long the measures would remain but he said they were “urgently needed” for reasons of security and to curb the huge number of migrants heading for Germany.

德国内政部长托马斯德迈齐埃(Thomas de Mazière)并未明确指出上述举措将维持多久。不过他表示，出于安全原因，也为了限制流向德国的难民的巨大人数，这些举措“具有极其迫切的必要性”。

The rare move by Berlin to protect its borders and place restrictions on Europe’s Schengen zone goes against one of the EU’s core principles of allowing passport-free travel between most of the countries in the bloc.

德国政府这一保护其边境并对欧洲《申根协定》(Schengen)区加以限制的举措十分罕见，它与欧盟(EU)允许其多数成员国之间免护照旅行的核心原则相抵触。

“We simply need some more time, and a certain degree of order on our borders,” Mr de Mazière said in Berlin.

德迈齐埃在柏林表示：“我们只是需要更多时间，以及一定程度的边境秩序。”

After the move, which will initially focus on the Austrian border, Deutsche Bahn, the German railways operator, said trains between Germany, Austria and Hungary had been stopped.

这一措施最初将主要关注德国与奥地利的边境。该措施推出之后，德国铁路公司(Deutsche Bahn)表示，德国、奥地利和匈牙利之间的火车已经停运。

As EU interior ministers prepare for a crucial meeting today to decide how to share out the new arrivals, many of whom are fleeing the civil war in Syria, Mr de Mazière said the move was a “signal to Europe” that Germany could not deal with the crisis alone.

欧盟各国内政部长准备在今天召开一个重要会议，确定如何分配新抵达欧洲的难民——这些难民中的许多人逃离叙利亚的内战。德迈齐埃表示，此举是“向欧洲发出的一个信号”，表明德国无法独自应对这一危机。

Germany said in August that it expected to receive 800,000 asylum seekers this year, more than the entire EU received in 2014. Politicians were initially optimistic that the country could cope with the influx but, in recent days, the speed of arrivals has threatened to overwhelm the reception effort.

今年8月，德国表示预计今年将接收80万难民，超过了2014年整个欧盟的接收人数。起初，政界人士乐观地认为德国有能力应对流入难民。然而最近几天，难民的流入速度已有超过接收能力的迹象。

About 12,200 migrants arrived in Munich — which has borne the brunt of the influx — on Saturday alone. Similar numbers were expected on Sunday and Sigmar Gabriel, Germany’s vice-chancellor, warned that Germany was close to “the limits of its capabilities”.

在难民潮首当其冲的慕尼黑，仅上周六一天就接收了大约1.22万难民，预计周日的流入人数与此类似。德国副总理西格马尔加布里尔(Sigmar Gabriel)警告说，德国正接近“其承受能力的极限”。

“It’s not primarily the number of refugees that is the problem, so much as the speed with which they are arriving that is making life so hard for Germany’s states and municipalities,” he said in an interview with the German newspaper Tagesspiegel.

他在接受德国《每日镜报》(Der Tagesspiegel)采访时表示：“首要的问题不是难民人数。他们涌入得如此之快，令德国各州政府和市政府处境十分艰难。”

The European Commission said that Germany’s move did not breach the rules of Europe’s Schengen zone, which allow the “temporary reintroduction of border controls” in a crisis.

欧盟委员会(European Commission)表示，德国的举措并未违反欧洲《申根协定》的规定，因为该协定允许在危机时期“暂时实施边境控制”。

However, it is a highly unusual move on a continent that has for decades been trying to remove its borders. In 2011 both Denmark and France temporarily introduced border controls amid concerns about immigration while Germany used controls when it hosted a G7 meeting this year.

不过，对于几十年来一直试图取消各国边境线的欧洲来说，这一举措极不寻常。2011年，由于担心外来移民，丹麦和法国都曾暂时实施边境控制。此外，德国曾在今年主持七国集团(G7)会议时实施边境控制。