世界领袖应牢记合作价值观

I am old enough to remember the sound of bombs falling on Germany. Old enough to remember the voices of the French soldiers who liberated us.

我这个年纪当然还记得炸弹掉落在德国的声音，还记得解放我们的法国士兵的声音。

Having grown up in a Europe struggling to heal divisions, I have spent my working life bringing together leaders from all sectors of society. I have always believed that the only way to solve complex challenges in an interdependent world is to work together. This means understanding competing perspectives, developing empathy and working towards solutions that satisfy as many different interests as possible.

成长于一个艰难地试图弥合各种分歧的欧洲，我的整个职业生涯都致力于将社会各界的领导者团结起来。我一直坚信，在一个相互依赖的世界，解决种种复杂挑战的唯一方法就是团结协作。这意味着理解冲突的观点，培养同理心，以及努力寻找能满足尽可能多的不同利益的解决方案。

Much of the time, it works. However, it is clear that today things are not going well for this open, pragmatic view of progress. Leaders have been demonised as the “elite”. Interdependence is seen as weakness. Nationalism has been rekindled to forge newer, harder identities. Anti-globalisation rhetoric is threatening the collaborative economic and trading structures that have brought so much progress by integrating the developing world with the developed.

很多时候，团结协作都能够奏效。但如今很明显的是，关于社会进步的这一开放、务实的理念正在遭遇麻烦。领导者被妖魔化为“精英”。相互依赖被视为缺点。民族主义已被再度点燃，以打造更新颖、更牢固的身份认同。反全球化言论威胁着经济和贸易合作体系，而正是通过使发展中国家融入发达世界，这些体系为我们带来了如此大的进步。

The speed and consequences of the events of 2016 were shocking. But they will not have surprised anyone who had been paying attention to widening inequality, rising anger among voters, the rebalancing of geopolitical relationships between the emerging and developed worlds, breakneck technological change with unintended consequences and the emergence of misinformation online.

2016年的一些大事件发生的速度和后果都令人震惊。但有些人不会对此感到意外，如果他们一直关注不断扩大的不平等、选民日益高涨的愤怒情绪、新兴世界与发达世界之间的地缘政治关系再平衡、伴随意想不到后果的飞速技术变革，以及不断涌现的网络错误信息。

Even if they have not always responded as effectively as critics might hope, leaders have not ignored the challenges these phenomena pose. Since the 1980s, it has been difficult to ignore the faults in the global system that led to the current crisis. These include the winner-takes-all nature of the economics of globalisation, and the wide and widening inequality that has followed. Much of this is driven by lightning-fast shifts in the geographical and technological bases of prosperity, producing insecurity and anxiety for workers and managers alike.

即便未能总是像批评人士希望的那样有效地做出回应，但领导者并未忽略这些现象带来的挑战。自上世纪80年代起，领导者很难再对导致当前危机的全球体系的种种缺陷不予理会。这些缺陷包括经济全球化“赢者通吃”的特点，以及由此带来的普遍且不断扩大的不平等。主要推动因素是经济繁荣的地理和技术基础领域发生的闪电般快速的变化，这些变化给劳动者和管理者都带来了不安全感和焦虑。

All of this is happening beyond the reach of the nation state. Yet just when we need flexible and strong international institutions to manage these shifts, our existing systems for global collaboration are being undermined, partly because they were designed in different times to respond to different pressures.

所有这一切的发生都超过了民族国家所能应对的范畴。但正当我们需要灵活、有力的国际机构应对这些变化的时候，我们现有的全球协作体系正在遭到破坏，部分因为它们是在不同时期为应对不同压力设计的。

So what now? Amid a sea of challenges, I see five priorities that those in power must confront — quickly and with requisite force.

那现在又该如何？面对众多的挑战，我认为掌权者必须迅速且强有力地应对五大优先事项。

First, leaders must agree to build a system of global governance that is inclusive, responds to the fast-moving nature of geopolitics and has the moral authority to enforce effective decisions. Second, they must work to reform market capitalism, to protect those who have fallen victim to the system’s divisiveness, corruption and short-sightedness.

首先，领导者必须一致同意建立一个包容性的全球治理体系，这一体系需要能对地缘政治的快速变化做出回应，且拥有能够实施有效决策的道德权威。其次，他们必须致力于改革市场资本主义，以保护那些成为该体制缺陷——分裂、腐败和短视——受害者的群体。

Third, leaders must work to restore global economic growth. Change is much easier to achieve when growth is brisk. Fourth, they must seek to shape the great wave of technological change that is breaking over us — the “fourth industrial revolution” — before it shapes us.

第三，领导者必须致力于恢复全球经济增长。经济增长较快时，变革才更容易实现。第四，他们必须设法抢在正在淹没我们的技术变革巨浪——“第四次工业革命”——塑造我们之前反过来塑造它。

Finally, but perhaps most importantly, leaders need to address the pervasive identity crisis that has eroded communities and ways of life over the past two decades, resulting in wave upon wave of legitimate anger.

最后，但或许是最重要的，领导者需要解决无处不在的认同危机，后者在过去20年间侵蚀了我们的社区和生活方式，导致一波又一波的合理愤怒。

It is clear that a global rebalancing is under way. The only question is whether the adjustment will be violent and wrenching, or whether we can continue to apply the lessons of civilisation it took us so long to learn and which have driven so much progress.

很明显，全球再平衡正在进行中。唯一的问题在于，这种调整是不是暴力、痛苦，或者我们是否能够继续运用我们经过如此长时间才习得的、带来如此大进步的文明经验。

I am an optimist. My childhood experience has given me a faith in the values of collaboration and co-operation. That, and half a century of top-level experience, gives me confidence that these values will, in the end, win out.

我是个乐观主义者。童年经历让我坚信协同与合作的价值观。这一信念——以及半个世纪与各界高层打交道的经历——让我坚信，这些价值观终将战胜一切。

The writer is executive chairman of the World Economic Forum and author of ‘The Fourth Industrial Revolution’

本文作者是世界经济论坛(World Economic Forum)执行主席，著有《第四次工业革命》(The Fourth Industrial Revolution)