2017年12月英语六级练习题：翻译②

从最近几年的英语六级翻译真题中，不难看出，翻译目前考察的方向多偏向于社会经济、文化等方面，日常复习中我们也要提前储备一些常考话题材料。小编今天为大家带来了几套六级翻译的预测题，第二套是历史类，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

请将下面这段话翻译成英文

1.水运的历史
　　中国水运历史悠久。早在商朝就有了帆船。隋朝大运河(TheGrand Canal)为南北水运带来了很大便利。明朝时期，郑和七次下西洋，在其中一次航行中，他到达了非洲东海岸。中国河流众多，海岸线长，水运条件优越。长江是最重要的内陆航运(inland shipping)通道，其主流从四川宜宾到海洋，全长超过3000公里。重庆、武汉和南京是长江沿岸的重要港口。中国港口很多，适宜海运，如上海、大连、秦皇岛、天津、青岛、宁波、厦门、广州等。这些港口的航线能通往世界上150多个国家和地区。

提示

　　1.历史悠久：即“有着悠久的历史”，可译为has a longhistory.
　　2.隋朝大运河：即the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty.
　　3.南北水运：可译为south-north water transport.
　　4.郑和七次下西洋：可译为Zheng He sailed across seasseven times.
　　5.河流很多：可译为has plenty of Rivers，或has a lot ofrivers，has lots of rivers.plenty of相当于a lot of或lots of，意为“很多的”。
　　6.适宜海运：“适宜”理解为“有着有利的条件”，可译为has fovorable conditions.“海运”即“海上运输”，可译为maritime transport.其中maritime意为“海上的，航海的”。

2.甲骨文

甲骨文(oracle bone script)是中国现存最早的文宇。这些刻在龟甲(tortoise shell)或兽骨上的文字已相当成熟。没认识甲骨文之前，人们都把这些甲骨当作药材。清代(the QingDynasty)学者王懿荣偶然发现了这些龟甲和兽骨。在仔细研究之后，他认为这些刻在甲骨上的符号是3000多年前商代(the Shang Dynasty)的文字。从这些文字中可以大致了解商代统治者的日常生活情况。甲骨文为研究汉字起源提供了重要的资料。

提示

　　1.第1句中的“现存最早的文字”是两个形容词修饰一个中心词，其中一个为最高级。在英语中，当比较级和最高级形容词与其他形容词连用时，比较级和最高级形容词放在其他形容词之前。故此处译为the earliest existing characters。
　　2.在第2句中，定语“刻在龟甲或兽骨上的”较长，可将其处理成后置定语，用过去分词短语carve on tortoise shells or animal bones 来表达，表被动。
　　3.倒数第2句“从这些文宇……”为无主语句，在翻译时需补充其主语，此处应增译“人们”，表达为From these characters, people can...。
　　4.在翻译最后一句的“为研究汉字起源提供了重要的资料”时，可以用provide... for...(为……提供……)来表达，译作 provide important materials for research into the origin of Chinese characters，也可译作provide important materials for researching on the origin...。

3.轿子

在古代，轿子(sedan chair)被视作中国的特殊交通工具。人们用肩膀和手抬轿子。轿子在宋代最常见。实际上，它是固定在两根竹竿上的可移动椅子，有的有帐篷，有的没有。历史上，中国的轿子在很多地方十分流行。在不同的时代和地区，轿子的名称也不同，如篼子(douzi)、暖轿(nuanjiao)等。我们今天所说的轿子是暖轿。说到轿子的类型，可分为三种:官轿，民轿和婚轿。就用途而言，轿子有两种类型:山路轿子和平地轿子。

提示

　　1.特殊交通工具:可译为special transportation vehicle。文中的“工具”翻译为vehicle,是指“车辆工具”，这里不要用tool, tool通常是指能拿在手里、体积比较小的工具。
　　2.人们用肩膀和手抬轿:用被动语态翻译可使结构更显紧凑，如译为主动句式 people lift it with shoulders and hands就显得一般，而且这里并不是强调 people,所以译为被动句It is lifted with shoulders and hands.这样上下文衔接更流杨。
　　3.固定在两根竹竿上的:可译为定语从句which is fixed on two poles。
　　4.有的有帐篷，有的没有:可译为with or without a tent。
　　5.不同的时代和地区:可译为in different ages and areas,也可以说in different times and places。
　　6.说到...:可译为When it comes to…
　　7.就用途而言:可译为regarding the purposes。其中regarding意为“关于，至于”。

答案在下一页哦

备考推荐：“碾压”六级指南

参考答案：

1.水运历史

China‘s water transport has a long history.Early inthe Shang Dynasty，there were sailing boats.TheGrand Canal in the Sui Dynasty provided greatconvenience for south-north water transport.Inthe Ming Dynasty，Zheng He sailed across seas seventimes and reached the east coast of Africa during one of his voyages.China has plenty of rivers，along coastline and advantageous water transport conditions.The Yangtze River is the mostimportant inland shipping channel.Its mainstream，from Yibin in Sichuan Province to thesea，has a total length of over 3，000 kilometers.Chongqing，Wuhan and Nanjing are importantports along the river.China has fevorable conditions for maritime transport with manyharbors，such as Shanghai，Dalian，Qinhuangdao，Tianjin，Qingdao，Ningbo，Xiamen，Guangzhou andso on.There are shipping routes from these ports to over 150 countries and regions all over theworld.

2.甲骨文

The oracle bone script is the earliest existingcharacters in China. These characters carved ontortoise shells or animal bones are quite mature.Before recognizing the oracle bone script, peopleregarded the shells and bones as medical materials.Accidentally, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, WangYirong, discovered these tortoise shells and animal bones. After careful study, he believed thatthese signs were the characters of the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. From thesecharacters, people can roughly understand the daily life of the rulers at that time. The oraclebone script provides important materials for research into the origin of Chinese characters.

3.轿子

In ancient times,the sedan chair was considered as a special transportation vehicle in China. It is lifted with shoulders and hands. The sedan chair was the most' common in the Song Dynasty. In fact, it is a removable chair fixed on two poles with or without a tent. The Chinese sedan chair was very popular in many areas in histoiy. In different ages and areas,the sedan chair has various names, for example,douzi, nuanjiao, etc. The sedan chair we know now is nuanjiao. As far as its kind is concerned, the sedan chair can be categorized into three types: sedan chair for officials, common people and weddings. Regarding the purposes, the sedan chair falls into two types: one for mountain roads, and the other for flat roads.

备考推荐：“碾压”六级指南