口译速记符号

常见的口译速记符号有：S=sum；f=frequency；cf=compare；e.g.=example；dept=department；dem=democracy；pol=politics；lib=liberal等等。

注记符号和缩写

Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.

S = sum

f = frequency

Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.

cf = compare

e.g. = example

dept = department

Use only the first syllable of a word.

pol = politics

dem = democracy

lib = liberal

cap = capitalism

Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.

pres = presentation

subj = subject

ind = individual

cons = conservative

Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.

assoc = associate

biol = biology

info = information

ach = achievement

chem = chemistry

max = maximum

intro = introduction

conc = concentration

min = minimum

rep = repetition

Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.

ppd = prepared

prblm = problem

estmt = estimate

bkgd = BAckground

gvt = government

Use an apostrophe in place of letters.

am't = amount

cont'd = continued

gov't = government

educat'l = educational

Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.

chpts = chapters

egs = examples

fs = frequencies

intros = introductions

Use g to represent ing endings.

ckg = checking

estg = establishing

decrg = decreasing

exptg = experimenting

Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.

& = and

w/ = with

w/o = without

vs = against

= therefore

= = is or equal

Use technical symbols where applicable.

o = degrees

H2O = water

More reference:

Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:

+ plus

// parallel

Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:

mar —— marketing

cus —— customer

cli —— client

Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:

subj —— subject

budg —— budget

ind —— individual

To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:

tech'gy ——technology

gen'ion—— generalisation

del'y ——delivery

Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:

assoc ——associated

ach ——achievement

info—— information

Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:

bkgd—— background

mvmt ——movement

prblm—— problem

Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:

in but as key

Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:

@ —— at

2 —— to

4—— for

& —— and

w/—— with

w/o —— without

vs —— against

Other Symbols and Abbreviations

as a result of / consequences of <--->

resulting in --->

and / also +

equal to / same as =

following ff

most importantly *

less than <

greater than >

especially esp/

常用英语缩略词表

缩略词 —— 原词

APT —— Apartment

ACC —— Accountant

ACDG —— According

ACPT —— Accept

AD —— Advertisement

ADS —— Address

ADV —— Advice

AMAP —— As much/many as possible

AMT —— Amount

APV —— Approve

ASAP —— As soon as possible

BAL —— Balance

BLDG —— Building

CERT —— Certificate

CFM —— Conform

CNCL —— Cancel

CNF —— Conference

CMI —— Commission

CMP —— Complete

CMPE —— Compete/competitive

CMU —— Communication

COND —— Condition

CO. —— Company

DEPT —— Department

DISC —— Discount

DPT —— Departure

EXCH —— Exchange

EXPLN —— Explain

EXT —— Extent

FLT —— Flight

FNT—— Final

FRT —— Freight

FYR—— For your reference

GD —— Good

GUAR —— Guarantee

H.O. —— Home office

INFO —— Information

IMPS —— Impossible

IMP(T) —— Important

INCD —— Include

INDIV —— Individual

INS —— Insurance

INTST —— Interested

I/O —— In stead of

IOU —— I owe you

IVO —— In view of

MANUF —— Manufacture

MDL —— Model

MEMO —— Memorandum

MGR —— Manger

MIN —— Minimum

MKT —— Market

MSG —— Message

NCRY —— Necessary

NLT —— No later than

OBS —— Observe

OBT —— Obtain

ORD —— Ordinary

PAT—— Patent

PC —— Piece

PKG —— Packing

PL —— People

PLS —— Please

POSN —— Position

POSS(BL) —— Possible

PROD —— Product

QLTY —— Quality

QUTY —— Quantity

RCV —— Receive

REF —— Reference

REGL —— Regular

REP —— Representative

RESN —— Reservation

RPT —— Repeat

RESPON —— Responsible

SEC —— Section

SITN —— Situation

STD —— Standard

TEL —— Telephone

TEMP —— Temporary

TGM —— Telegraph

THO —— Though

TKS —— Thanks

TRD —— Trade

TRF —— Traffic

TTL —— Total

U —— You

UR —— Your

WK —— Week

WL —— Will

WT —— Weight

XL —— Extra large

字母和图像

Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。

例如：日本人：JZ。

C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C 读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C 来表示govern, government。

governmental official 可以表示为 CZ

P 表示政治：politics, political 希腊字母P 读/pai/,近似politics, political。

那么politician 就可以表示为 PZ

E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。

G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G 为效率符号。

Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation 因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture 经常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B 表示商业：business。

C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。

W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work 的第一个字母。所以WZ 就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z 在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。

i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。

U U看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U 内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3 表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U 中填入1 表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m(multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U 上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。

O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country, state, nation, 表示进口，Og 表示出口

C 这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside overZ 表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.

T 表示"领导人"：leader, head 那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT

⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium

k 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。

O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:

international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.

J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.

数字符号、标点符号

数学符号

+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.

++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more

+3 表示"多"的最高级：most

－ 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.

× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.

> 表示"多于"概念：

bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.

< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.

表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.

= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.

表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.

( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.

≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.

表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.

～ 表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.

/ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.

标点等

: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.

? 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?

. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。

"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."

∧ 表示转折

√ 表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.

表示"同意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.

☆ 表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.

n 表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.

& 表示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，

etc.

∥ 表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.

较长单词的处理办法

-ism 简写为 m 例如：socialism Sm

-tion 简 简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn

-cian 简 简写为 o 例如：technician techo

-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg

-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd

-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl

-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt

-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz

-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl