希拉里反对TPP协定 Hillary Clinton opposes Barack Obama's landmark trade deal
Hillary Clinton, the frontrunner for the Democratic presidential nomination, has opposed the Trans-Pacific Partnership, delivering a big blow to President Barack Obama’s efforts to sell the Pacific-Rim trade deal to Congress.
在民主党总统提名战中领跑的希拉里克林顿(Hillary Clinton)表示反对《跨太平洋伙伴关系》(TPP)协定，这对美国总统巴拉克攠巴马(Barack Obama)在国会兜售这项环太平洋贸易协定的努力造成了重大打击。
“As of today, I am not in favour of what I have learned about it,” Mrs Clinton told PBS television two days after the landmark trade pact was concluded. “I don’t believe it’s going to meet the high bar I have set.”
“到目前为止，我对我了解到的内容表示不赞成，”希拉里在这项具有里程碑意义的贸易协定缔结两天后告诉美国公共电视台(PBS)说，“我不相信它会达到我设定的高标准。”
Her position marks a big setback for Mr Obama whose team has spent five years negotiating with Japan and 10 other Pacific Rim nations that account for 40 per cent of the world economy. Mr Obama wants to get TPP through Congress before he leaves office in January 2017, but Mrs Clinton’s move is an example of how presidential politics will complicate those efforts.
她的这一立场标志着奥巴马遭遇了一个重大挫折。奥巴马的团队花费了5年时间来与日本及其他10个环太平洋国家进行谈判，这12个国家合计占全球经济产出的40%。奥巴马希望在他2017年1月离任前让TPP协定在国会获得通过，但希拉里此举表明，总统选举政治将让这些努力复杂化。
As secretary of state during the first Obama administration, she called TPP a “gold standard” trade agreement. But that was before she launched her presidential campaign, which faces an unexpectedly strong challenge from Bernie Sanders, a self-declared socialist and outspoken opponent of TPP.
作为奥巴马首个总统任期内的国务卿，希拉里曾把TPP称为一项“黄金标准”的贸易协定，但那是在她启动总统竞选活动之前。希拉里现在面临着同样竞选总统的伯尼儠德斯(Bernie Sanders)构成的意外强劲的挑战。桑德斯自称为社会主义者，公开反对TPP。
Mrs Clinton’s move to oppose TPP — the economic backbone of the strategic “pivot” to Asia that Mrs Clinton and the Obama national security team were pushing — was criticised as a calculated effort to appeal to her party’s progressive base, which is worried about the impact of trade deals on jobs and wages.
有人批评希拉里反对TPP之举是经过精心算计的，目的是博得民主党内进步派的支持，该派担心贸易协定对就业和薪资的影响。TPP是希拉里以及奥巴马的国家安全团队推动的“重心转向亚洲”战略的经济支柱。
“Forget economics and jobs for a moment. Clinton has just stomped all over most of the national security establishment which came out strongly for TPP as a strategic hedge against China in the Asia Pacific,” said Steve Clemons, a politics and national security expert at The Atlantic. “They defined this trade deal as strategically vital for the US — and now the former secretary of state has defected from this strategic crowd largely because of pressure on her from Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, and very possibly the Scranton, Pennsylvania-born, labour-hugging Joe Biden.”
“暂时忘了经济和就业吧。希拉里刚刚践踏了国家安全团队的多数成员，这些人曾站出来坚决支持TPP，把它作为一个在亚太地区防范中国的战略手段，”《大西洋》月刊(The Atlantic)政治和国家安全专家史蒂夫克莱蒙斯(Steve Clemons)表示，“他们认为这项贸易协定对美国具有极其重要的战略意义——如今，这位前国务卿已背叛这个战略团队，主要是因为她正面临来自伯尼儠德斯、伊丽莎白茠伦(Elizabeth Warren)的压力，而且很可能还面临来自在宾夕法尼亚州斯克兰顿出生、同情劳工的乔拜登(Joe Biden)的压力。”
The Obama administration argues that TPP is the “most progressive” trade deal ever negotiated by the US, pointing to its strict labour and environmental chapters. But the president has faced fierce opposition from environmental groups and labour unions and managed to secure the support of only a few dozen Democrats in his bid for “fast-track” trade authority earlier this year.
奥巴马政府辩称，TPP是美国有史以来谈成的“最进步”的贸易协定，因为该协定有着严格的劳动和环境标准。但奥巴马面临来自环境组织和工会的强烈反对，而且在今年早些时候争取“快车道”(fast-track)贸易授权的过程中只获得了几十位民主党议员的支持。
A White House official said that Mrs Clinton had informed Mr Obama before she announced her decision in an interview in Iowa. While her opposition will hurt Mr Obama’s efforts to convince additional Democrats to back TPP, his more immediate problem is the negative reaction from senior Republicans.
一位白宫官员表示，希拉里是在爱荷华州接受采访时宣布这一决定的，而之前她已通知奥巴马。尽管她的反对会对奥巴马说服更多民主党议员支持TPP的努力产生影响，但奥巴马眼下更紧迫的问题是要应对来自共和党高层的负面反应。
Orrin Hatch, the powerful chairman of the Senate finance committee and ally of the president in part of his push for TPP, also expressed reservations. He said he was concerned about what the drugs industry sees as weak intellectual property protections for next-generation drugs known as “biologics” and the carving out of the tobacco industry from an investor dispute mechanism.
美国参议院财政委员会(Senate Finance Committee)掌握实权的主席奥林哈奇(Orrin Hatch)在支持TPP方面是奥巴马的盟友，他也表达了保留意见。哈奇表示，他关切的是，制药业认为被称为“生物制剂”的下一代药物知识产权保护薄弱，还有就是烟草业被排除在投资者争端解决机制之外。
“The United States only has one chance to negotiate, consider and implement the TPP. We have to get it right,” said Mr Hatch.
哈奇表示：“美国只有一次机会商议、考虑和落实TPP。我们不能犯错。”
Speaking in Iowa, Mrs Clinton said she was concerned that TPP did not tackle currency manipulation and that “pharmaceutical companies may have gotten more benefits and patients fewer”. Her move comes one week after she unveiled a proposal to cut the prohibitive cost of medicines in the US.
希拉里在爱荷华州讲话时表示，她关切的是，TPP解决不了汇率操纵问题，以及“制药企业可能会获益更多，而患者获益更少”。就在一周前，她曾公布一项提案，旨在压低美国过高的药价。
It was unclear whether her use of the phrase “as of now” in referring to her opposition signalled that she might change her mind in the future.
目前还不清楚，她在提到自己的反对意见时使用“到目前为止”的措辞是否意味着她将来可能会改变态度。
“Hillary Clinton’s use of an ‘as of now’ hinge would be total political disaster for her to shift from her previous pro-TPP position to now anti and then possibly back to pro again,” said Mr Clemons.
克莱蒙斯表示：“希拉里克林顿使用‘到目前为止’的字眼，对她变原先的‘挺’TPP为现在的‘反’以及接下来可能复‘挺’而言，将是一场彻头彻尾的政治灾难。”
