初中英语知识点讲解

为了帮助大家强化英语知识点的记忆，下面本站小编为大家带来初中英语知识点讲解，供大家参考学习。

　　初中英语知识点讲解：定语从句

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。

(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

2、由which, that引导的从句

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：

(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)

(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)

注意： 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：

a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;

b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，这时的that常被省略;

c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;

d)先行词中既有人又有物时;

e)整个句中前面已有which，who,that时;

f)当先行词为物并作表语时;

g)先行词为one时;

h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 　　I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 　　 Shanghai is the city where I was born.

3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ，用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　　初中英语知识点讲解：虚拟语气

一、条件状语从句

1、与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：

If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实上我不可能是你)

If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(事实上我不知道)

2、与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，从句：主语+had done ， 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done　，例如：

If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 (事实：去晚了)

3、与将来事实相反

从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do

②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do

③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do

例如：If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)

If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 　　如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 (事实：来的可能性很小)

注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：

一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测;

二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);

三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：

I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就别等我了。

二、wish 后宾语从句

1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 。例如：

I wish I had your brains. 　　我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)

2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done 　　例如：

I wish I had knownthe truth of the matter. 　　我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实：那时还不知道)

3、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would(情态动词) + 动词原形

I wish I should havea chance again. 　　我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有这样的机会了)