高一英语必修一第一单元试卷及答案
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一、基础测试(每小题1分，满分20分)
A. 单词拼写
1. Something is wrong with the e__________ of the car. It can’t start.
2. Marie Curie was the discoverer of r_________.
3. According to the t________ of relativity (相对论), nothing can travel faster than light.
4. After all his mathematical calculations, Copernicus drew a c__________ that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
5. I__________ she’d gone, I remembered her name.
6. In the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese ___________ (打败) the Japanese invaders.
7. Shall he ________ (参加) the meeting to be held tomorrow?
8. Work on the new railway will be ___________ (完成) at the end of next year.
9. Our new offices are still under ____________ (建设).
10. They have found some evidences that are __________ (联系) to this murder.
B. 句型转换
11. A: From the facts John Snow concluded that polluted water carried the disease.
B: From the facts John Snow ________ _______ _______ that polluted water carried the disease.
12. A: He determined to find out why.
B: He __________ his __________ to find out why.
13. A: We will begin the work immediately.
B: We will begin the work ______ _______.
14. A: How will you deal with these letters?
B: What will you _____ _______these letters?
15. A: The movements of the other planets in the sky made sense only if you put the sun there.
B: Only if you put the sun there _______the movements of the other planets in the sky _______ sense.
C. 完成句子
16. He suggested that the machine ________ ________ (检查) carefully before we used it.
17. She ______ _______ _______ (全神贯注于) reading, so she didn’t notice what was happening.
18. We ______ _______ (下决心) that this should never be allowed to happen again.
19. ______ _______ ________ (除…之外) Wang Hai, who will go there?
20. The teacher is popular with the students because he _______ ______ ______ ______ (对他们要求严格).
二、单项填空 (每小题1分，满分15分)
team was ahead during the first half, but we _____ in the last ten minutes.
A. were won B. were lost
C. were beaten D. won
22. Usually children are allowed to ___________ when they are six years old.
A. attend school
B. attend the school
C. join school
D. join the school
23. Professor Hawking stepped into the office I knew that there was no hope.
A. Unless B. Now that
C. Although D. The moment
24. His failure in the experiment suggested that he ________ his teacher’s proper instructions.
A. should not have followed
B. should not follow
C. mustn’t have followed
D. hadn’t followed
25. I suggested that he _____ telephone the manager before he decided.
A. telephoned B. would telephone
C. telephone D. had to telephone
26. —I'm terribly sorry that I failed to win the game.
—You are not ________ for all you could do.
A. to blame B. pleased
C. right D. satisfied
27. Yang Liwei was surrounded by the audience ________ he stepped off the stage.
A. until B. through
C. now that D. immediately
28. Gathering clouds the coming storm.
A. declared B. turned out
C. connected D. announced
29. Seeing their son playing computer games all day, the parents don’t know ______ it.
A. how to do
B. what to do
C. how to deal with
D. how to do with
30. — So hard ______ in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.
— I can see that; only a few mistakes ______ in the exam.
A. has he worked; did he make
B. he has worked; did he made
C. he has worked; he made
D. has he worked; he made
31. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________.
A. value B. sense
C. fun D. use
32. Only by shouting at the top of his voice .
A. he was able to make himself hear
B. he was able to make himself heard
C. was he able to make himself hear
D. was he able to make himself heard
33. Only after the second tower of the World Trade Centre did people know it was not an accident, but an attack of some kind.
A. had hit B. did fall
C. was hit D. was fallen
34. Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, ________ the neighbors and the house ________ I used to be familiar with were gone.
A. only finding; which
B. only to find; that
C. only to find; whom
D. found; that
35. It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth ____ and his eyes _____.
A. closing; open B. closed; opened
C. closing; opening D. closed; open
三、完形填空 (每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳答案。
A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.
He may have the 36 that he is not capable (有能力的) of it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the 37 of his mental faculties(官能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of 38 anything new because of their age.
A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real 39 , because he feels that it 40 be useless. He won’t go at a job with the confidence(信心) necessary for success, and he won’t work his hardest, even though he may 41 he is doing so. He is 42 likely to fail, and the failure will 43 his belief in his incompetence(无能).
Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had 44 like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor 45 in maths. His teacher told his 46 he had no ability in maths in order that they would not 47 too much of him. In this way, they too 48 the idea. He accepted 49 mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to 50 , and was very poor at maths, 51 as they expected.
One day he worked out a problem which 52 of the other students had been able to solve.
Adler succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now 53 with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at 54 . He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may 55 himself as well as others by his ability.
36. A. belief B. way
C. fact D. condition
37. A. biggest B. most
C. higher D. deepest
38. A. teaching B. learning
C. accepting D. using
39. A. decision B. success
C. effort D. trouble
40. A. would B. should
C. must D. could
41. A. forget B. think
C. guess D. understand
42. A. truly B. really
C. however D. therefore
43. A. lead to B. strengthen
C. increase D. add to
44. A. an experience B. an expert
C. a thought D. a story
45. A. state B. mind
C. start D. ending
46. A. classmates B. friends
C. neighbours D. parents
47. A. blame B. expect
C. get D. win
48. A. developed B. organized
C. discovered D. found
49. A. a B. one
C. its D. the
50. A. manage B. succeed
C. try D. act
51. A. only B. almost
C. just D. then
52. A. none B. all
C. many D. most
53. A. lived B. worked
C. played D. graduated
54. A. lesson B. medicine
C. subjects D. maths
55. A. encourage B. love
C. astonish D. disappoint
四、阅读理解 (每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C或D)中，选出最佳选项
A
Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What’s more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace—afraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb(原子弹)—tried hard to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.
Although he wasn’t connected with any accepted religion(宗教), Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”
56. From the passage we know that .
A. no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century
B. Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time
C. Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America
D. Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons
57. If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would .
A. have continued his scientific research
B. have won another Nobel Prize for physics
C. not have advised starting uranium research in the U. S. A.
D. not have moved to the U. S. A.
58. Einstein in 1933.
A. visited England and the U. S. A.
B. lost everything
C. became a man without a country
D. both A and C
59. Einstein believed that everything in the universe .
A. was kept in order by its own law
B. had nothing to do with each other
C. happened in an irregular way
D. was made by the personal God
B
“That’s funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died.” Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London. He had been studying some germs(细菌)that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people. Dr Fleming found that a mould(霉菌)had floated in through the window landing on the plate. It had killed some of the germs it had touched.
“This certainly looks promising.” Fleming said. “We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”
He named the strange mould “penicillin”. It proved to be a killer of many germs. Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射)with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those lived that had been treated with penicillin. Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out. Hardly anybody took any notice of it.
In 1938 Dr Howard Florey, an Australian working in London, read Dr Fleming’s report and was very interested. He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.
When World War II broke out, it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England. Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made. It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.
60. Dr Alexander Fleming .
A. had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people
B. had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses
C. had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate
D. had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better
61. Some of the germs on the plate .
A. had been killed by a mould floating in through the window
B. had been killing one another, which was a surprise to Fleming
C. had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander Fleming
D. had been killed by a mould found by another doctor
62. The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that .
A. they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin
B. they were almost dead ahead of the experiment
C. they were easy to die in the experiment
D. they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin
63. In 1938, an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming’s report and .
A. left England for America, making the drug
B. went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen
C. found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings
D. went to America to make this drug for mice
64. The word “enormous” means .
A. 剩余的 B. 恰当的
C. 少许的 D. 巨大的
C
Einstein, a great scientist of the age, was almost as strange as his Theory of Relativity.
Once, while riding a street car in Berlin, he told the conductor that he had not given him the right change. The conductor counted the change again and found it to be correct, so he handed it to Einstein, saying, “The trouble with you is that you don’t know your figures.”
Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity although a good many books had been written to explain it.
He had nothing but contempt(藐视)for the things most people set their hearts on—for fame and riches(财富)and luxury(奢华).
He didn’t want money or praise. He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work and playing the violin and sailing his boat. Einstein’s violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said that he often thought in music.
65. The conductor thought Einstein .
A. wasn’t good at maths
B. had good memory
C. was either mad or strange
D. liked to make trouble
66. Einstein meant that many people .
A. knew his Theory of Relativity well because they could explain it
B. had written to have grasped his theory correctly
C. pretended to have grasped his abstract theory
D. admired him very much
67. The underlined part “set…hearts on” means .
A. believe B. have
C. love D. hate
D
Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist, invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process (变化过程). But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea (婴儿腹泻) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
68. Pasteur became in 1854.
A. the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C. the general manager of a large beer-making company
D. the president of the University of Lille
69. According to the passage, Lille was a major center for in the mid-19th century.
A. growing grain crops
B. making beer and wine
C. doing chemical research
D. producing various kinds of yeasts
70. In the last sentence of paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to .
A. wine and beer
B. food and drinks
C. the various yeasts
D. other organisms
71. We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery .
A. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food produts
B. did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
C. has done a lot of good to children in the world
D. has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
E
On the first day of class, Mr Whiteson gave us a lecture about a creature(生物) called cattytiger, a kind of cat-like animal that completely disappeared during the Ice Age. He passed round a skull (头骨) as he talked, and we all felt interested and took notes while listening. Later, we had a test about that.
When he returned my paper, I was very, very surprised. There was a very large cross through each of my answers. And so it was with everyone else’s in our class. What had happened? Everyone was wondering and couldn’t wait to get the answer.
Very simple, Mr Whiteson explained. He had made up all that story about the cattytiger. There had never been such an animal. So why none of us noticed that and how could we expect good marks for the incorrect answers?
Needless to say, we got very angry. What kind of teacher was this?
We should have guessed it out, Mr Whiteson said. After all, at the very moment he was passing around the cattytiger skull (in fact, a cat’s), hadn’t he been telling us that it completely disappeared during the Ice Age? Clearly he was telling a lie. But we just kept busy making notes and none used his head. We should learn something from this. Teachers and textbooks are not always correct.
72. We failed in the test because we didn’t .
A. take notes while listening
B. show interest in what Mr Whiteson said
C. listen to the teacher carefully
D. think carefully
73. We got angry because .
A. Mr Whiteson didn’t tell us the truth about cattytiger
B. we failed in the test
C. we didn’t know why he played the joke on us
D. there was no cattytiger
74. Mr Whiteson gave us a special lesson .
A. to show his special way of teaching
B. to play a joke on us
C. to help us learn our lessons better
D. so that we would no longer believe him
75. Mr Whiteson meant that .
A. teachers couldn’t make any mistakes
B. textbooks might be wrong sometimes
C. we should speak up if we thought our teacher or the textbook was wrong
D. we shouldn’t believe our teachers because sometimes they might tell lies
五、书面表达 (满分15分)
随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车，你班同学就此展开了一次讨论，提出两种不同的观点和看法。请你根据所提供的信息给报社写一封信，客观介绍这两种看法。
赞同者认为：
1.方便、快捷、舒适的交通工具;
2.反映出国民生活条件提高，国家富强;
3.带动其他行业发展。
反对者认为：
1.废气污染严重;
2.过多则影响交通，导致更多事故;
3.停车问题日益突出。
注意：1.信的开头已给出;
2.词数：100左右;
3.参考词汇：方便的 convenient;交通 transportation
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
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高一英语必修一第一单元试卷答案一、基础测试(每小题1分，满分20分)
A. 单词拼写
1. engine 2. radium 3. theory 4. conclusion 5. Immediately 6. defeated 7. attend 8. complete /completed 9. construction 10. linked
B. 句型转换
11. drew a conclusion 12. made, mind 13. at once 14. do with 15. did, make
C. 完成句子
16. be examined 17. was absorbed in 18. were determined 19 In addition to 20. is strict with them
二、单项填空 (每小题1分，满分15分)
21—25 CADDC 26—30 ADDCD 31—35 BDCBD
重点解析：
21. 若选B项，应改为主动语态;若选D项，就出现了逻辑错误。因此最佳答案为C。全句意思是：前半场我们领先，但是在最后10分钟我们被打败了。
22. attend school = go to school，其中的school不表示具体的“学校”，而是表示“上学”这一抽象概念，因此school前不可加定冠词。
29. 从句意和结构看，使用do with或deal with都可以，但do with不可与how连用。
30. 在so …that句型中，“so+形容词或副词”放在句首时，主句倒装，故排除B、C两项;“only+状语”放在句首时，句子采用倒装语序，而答语中是“only+宾语”放在句首，因而不需要倒装，故选D。
31. make不能与value搭配;make fun和make use与题意明显不符。
32. 依据“only+状语”放在句首的使用规则，排除A、B项;“make oneself +过去分词”是固定结构。
33. “only+状语从句”放在句首时，从句不倒装，主句倒装;从逻辑关系看，应该使用被动语态，fall是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，故选C。
34. 依据only to do结构作结果状语的用法，排除A、D项;先行词既有表人的词又有表物的词时，定语从句中的关系代词用that。故选B。
35. 由于mouth与close之间存在被动关系，close应用过去分词;本句中open为形容词，意思是“开着的”。
三、完形填空 (每小题1分，满分20分)
36—40 ABBCA 41—45 BDBAC 46—50 DBADC 51—55 CABDA
重点解析：
36.下一段最后一句话有答案。
37. 本题考查固定结构，make the most of意为“充分利用”。
38. 老年人也有错误认识：由于年龄大，不能学新东西。
39. make a real effort意为“真正努力”。
42. 这一句与前一句为因果关系，故选D。
43. 从上文看，这种想法一直就有，而lead to的意思是“导致了”;add to的意思是“加上”，都是表示从无到有，故排除A、D。strengthen的意思是“加强、加重”，符合句意，故选B。
44. 根据最后一段最后一句话推知。
47. expect too much期望太多。
48. develop意为“形成、产生”。
49. 老师和父母亲都这样认为，他也接受了这种错误观点。
四、阅读理解 (每小题1.5分，满分30分)
56—60 BCDAC 61—65 ADCDC 66—70 CCABB 71—75 CDBCC
重点解析：
56. 此题考查细节判断。文中指出，爱因斯坦有可能是20世纪最伟大的科学家，即是他那个时代最杰出的科学家。
57. 此题考查判断推理能力。爱因斯坦热爱和平，当时制造第一枚原子弹的目的是为了打击纳粹，维护世界和平，让人民生活在和平、稳定的环境中。由此得知，假如他知道了题中的事实，他决不会议搞核试验研究。
59. 此题考查细节事实。爱因斯坦坚信宇宙有其自己的规律，宇宙中的万物是按宇宙本身的法则组合在一起的。
60. 此题考查细节事实。从文章的第二句可以得知。
62. 此题考查综合理解能力。实验中死亡的25只小鼠被注射了毒菌而没注射盘尼西林(Penicillin)，青霉素可以杀菌，因而注射了青霉素的小鼠得以存活，余下的死亡。
64. 此题考查词义理解。根据上下文，二战时青霉素供给不足，因此Dr Florey去了美国来帮助制造这种药，这种药数量应该是“巨大的，多的”。后文也证实，这些药救了成千上万人的性命。
65. 售票员的话是在讥讽爱因斯坦的数学学得不好，连数都算不对。
66. 虽然很多人写文章解释他的相对论，但真正懂相对论的人只有12个人。
67. 大多数人是热爱名气、财富和奢华的。
68. 从 “In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille”一句可知答案。
69. 从第一段中的 “Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Rasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh” 一句可知答案。
70. 从第一段最后一句话可知they指的是食物和酒。
71. 短文的最后一段讲述了在1900年Pasteur所发明的防止食物和酒变质的方法广泛用于儿童所饮用的瓶装牛奶，使世界上成千上万的儿童免于死亡。
72. 此题A、B两项都好排除，因文中有明确说明。许多同学误选了C，实际上学生对课堂内容听得并非不仔细，只是没“加以思考(think carefully)”罢了。
73. 原文中，“we got angry”独立成段，其上给出了原因，即“large cross in the paper”，也就是说学生们没通过考试。故答案为B。
74. 老师给我们上这么一堂课用意何在?仅仅是显示他独特的教课方式?不。老师是严肃的，更不是为了给我们开玩笑(play a joke on us)，他只是要我们学到些东西，学得更好(learn better)。
75. 文中最后一句话揭示了老师的意旨——不要把一切想当然(包括老师的话和教科书)。对于错的一定要大声说出来(speak up)。
五、书面表达 (满分15分)
One possible version:
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.
With the development of people’s living conditions, more and more people have their own cars. Some of us think it good to own a car. Firstly, it’s a convenient,fast and comfortable means of transportation tool. You can go to a lot of places at any time. Secondly, it shows that people are becoming richer, and the country stronger. It also makes businesses and industries develop faster.
Others have different opinions. They think that cars give off waste gas and pollute the environment. Too many cars will have some bad effects, such as more accidents. Besides, parking cars is another big problem. Maybe people should think carefully before they buy a car.
Yours truly,
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